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关于定语从句的...急...今天要用100分哦
定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一.词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句
代替人代替物代替人或物
主语Whowhichthat
主语Whomwhichthat
宾语Whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)
例1:ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.
例2:ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.
例3:Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.
例4:ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.
2.关系代词的用法
(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:
Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.
(2)如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which,who,或whom。例如:
(3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.
(4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人。例如:
Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.
(5)that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6)which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。
(7)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。
(8)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:
Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.
(9)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which。例如:
Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?
3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1)“介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等,关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。
(2)fromwhere为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:
Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..
(3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:
Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.
二.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
2.that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因
That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
(1)弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3.先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:
1)ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout..
2)Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited
四.As在定语从句中的用法
1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)as多与such或thesame连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
(2)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。例如:
Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
3)thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的。
2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:
(1)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
(2)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.
表语是用来说明主语的特征、状态等,补充说明主语的意义,因此,它也叫作主语补语。表语一般用在连系动词后面,连系动词除了be之外,还有become(成为)、look(看起来)、turn(变成)、go(变成)、seem(似乎)、appear(似乎、显得)、feel(摸起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)等等。可做表语的有:形容词、代词、名词、分词、动名词、数词、介词短语或副词和从句:例如:
Wearestudents.
Heisveryclever.
定语从句例句100句
宾语从句*/1
i
know
what
she
wants
to
do.
2
i
don't
think
he
is
a
clever
boy.
3
larry
doesn't
know
where
to
go.
4
he
told
me
(that
he
would)
go
to
the
college
the
next
year
5nobody
knew
whether
he
could
pass
the
exam.
6
i
have
found
out
that
all
the
tickets
for
the
concert
have
been
sold
out.
7
can
you
work
out
how
much
we
will
spend
during
the
trip?
8
make
sure
that
there
are
no
mistakes
in
your
papers
before
you
turn
them
in.
9
i
have
made
it
a
rule
that
i
keep
diaries
10
we
take
it
that
you
will
agree
with
us.
定语从句:
is
he
the
man
who/that
wants
to
see
you?
he
is
the
man
whom/
that
i
saw
yesterday.
they
rushed
over
to
help
the
man
whose
car
had
broken
down.
please
pass
me
the
book
whose
(of
which)
color
is
green.
a
prosperity
which
/
that
had
never
been
seen
before
appears
in
the
countryside.
by
the
time
you
arrived
in
london,
we
had
stayed
there
for
two
weeks.
my
house,
which
i
bought
last
year,
has
got
a
lovely
garden.
this
novel,
which
i
have
read
three
times,
is
very
touching.
he
seems
not
to
have
grasped
what
i
meant,
which
greatly
upsets
me.
the
boys
who
are
playing
football
are
from
class
one.
定语从句例句100句带解析有哪些
1、Thewholecity,75%ofwhosefactoriesandbuildingsweregone,layinruins.
整座城市躺在废墟中,其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。
2、Ourcompanyhas2000workers,ofwhomtwothirds/twothirdsofwhomarewomen.
我们公司有2000工人,三分之二是女工。
限制性关系从句
从语义上看,限制性关系从句主要起限定作用,修饰特定的人或事物,如果去掉限制性定语从句,整个句子表意会不完整甚至不通顺;从结构上看,限制性关系从句常紧跟先行词,并且同先行词之间一般不加逗号分隔(但不是绝对的)。
从语义上看,非限制性关系从句主要起补充说明的作用,有时相当于一个并列分句或状语从句,可以表达原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等意义。
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