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初高中定语从句讲解
定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。
关系副词有：when,where,why,how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
1)who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：
Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.
3)which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（which/that在句中作宾语）
Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which都可以指物，that和Who都可以指人，其用法区别：
不用that的情况：
a)在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
b)介词后不能用
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
c)多用who的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.
②先行词为those,people时
Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.
③先行词为all,anyone,ones,one指人时
Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.
④在Therebe句型中
Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.
Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.
2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thejust修饰时，只用that。
Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.
c)先行词为序数词(thelast)、数词、形容词级时，只用that。
ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas"ThePrinceandthePauper"byMarkTwin.
d)先行词既有人，又有物时。
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.
e)当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，用that以避免重复。
Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.
2、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词when,where,why,how的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用，例如：
Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.
Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.
Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?
I'msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheproblem.
注意：
①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+which"结构不能代替关系副词。
如：Theysetupastatefortheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。
Isthisthebookwhich(that)shewaslookingfor?
3、名词/数词/代词/形容词级+介词+关系代词引导定语从句
Shehaswrittenabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.
Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestofwhichisAsia.
4、as,which引导非限定性定语从句的差别
由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。
Asisknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
用法区别：
(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
Asweallknow,heneversmokes.
(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect,think,suppose等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.
(4)As的用法thesame…as;such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。
Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.
Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.
定语从句语法专项练习习题精选
用适当的关系词填空：
1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.
2.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.
3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.
4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.
5.I'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.
6.Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.
7.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?
8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?
9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?
10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?
11.TomwillgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.
12.IliveinBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.
13.Therewasatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.
14.Itisthethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.
15.Itwasinthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.
16.Itwasabout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
17.Themoment_____Isawyou,Irecognized(认出)you.
18.Thisistheverynovelabout____we'vetalkedsomuch.
19.Thisistheway____hedidit.
20.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?
21.Who_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?
22.Whatelsewasthereinmybrother____youdidn'tlike?
23.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.
24.Helivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestothesouth.
25.Thisismr.Johnfor____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.
26.Thisismr.Johnfor_____Iboughtabookyesterday.
27.Thisisthehour_____theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.
28.Andthereisonepoint______I'dlikeyouradvice.
29.Winteristhetimeofyear______thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.
30.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace____youmayspendyourweekend.
KEYS:
1.when2.when3.which4.that/which5.that
6.where7.that/which8.where9.which10.where
11.where12.which13.when14.that15.that
16.that17.(that)18.which19.(that/inwhich)20.that
21.that22that23.whose24.ofwhich25.whose
26.whom27.when28.that29.that30.where
高中定语从句的讲解
定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。
定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
扩展资料：
1）who,whom,that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2)Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）,例如：
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在从句中作主语）
Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.
参考资料：定语从句-百度百科
高中定语从句讲解(2)
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：
A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。
Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。
B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。
Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。
Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。
（五）but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。如：
Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.很少有人不赞赏他的才干的。（but=whodon’t）
（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。
Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。
2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.（定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。
Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.（同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。
Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(定语从句)我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金。
Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.（同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。
Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.（定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。
Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。
3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。如：
A.Theideathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。
Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.
B.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.（同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。
Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
C.Payattentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。
Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.
Exercises:
1.Therearethreebedroomsinthehouse,_____ismary's.
AthesmallestofwhichBthesmallerofwhich
CthesmallestofthemDthesmallestone
2.TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,_____itwillbecompletelyfinished.
AbythetimeBbywhichtimeCbythattimeDbythistime
3.Alicehasalargecollectionofphone,_____wastakeninlondon.
AnoneofthemBnooneofwhichCallofwhichDnoneofwhich
4.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaughtbeforelivedahappylife.
AwhoBwhoseCinwhoseDinwhich
5.Thereisamoutain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
AwhoseBofwhichCit'sDthat
6.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in____caseshewon'tarriveforanotherhour.
AwhatBthatCwhichDthis
7.1)Ihavethreechildren,andtwoof_____aredoctors.
2)Ihavethreechildren,twoof____aredoctors.
8.Theretwothousandstudentsinourschool,____aregirls.
Atwo-thirdsinwhichBtwo-thirdsinthemCtwo-thirdsofthemDofwhomtwothirds
9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_____writeswell.
AneitherofthemBnoneofthemCneitherofwhichDnoneofwhich
（1---6ABDCBC7----9BDDC）
特殊结构定语从句点击
1.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice________peopleexpected.
A.likeB.asC.thatD.which
2.I'veneverheardsointerestingastory________youtoldme.
A.asb.thatC.ofwhichD.aboutwhich
3.I'veseenthesamefilm________yousawyesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.like
4.I'llbuythesamecoat________youwear.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.like
5.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkis
B.whichIthinkitis
C.whichIthinkit
D.Ithinkis
6.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
7.Thisisthefirsttime________hehasbeenhere.
A.thatB.whenC.atwhichD.which
8.Idon'tlike________youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.theywayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
答案与简析：
1.B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导，即构成结构为"such+（a/an）＋形容词＋名词＋as"引导的定语从句，意为"......像......一样的"。整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原来估计的那样低的价格出售。
2.A。由sointerestingastory=suchaninterestingstory和上面一题的解释便可得知答案。as在定语从句中作宾语。整句意为：我从未听说过像你告诉我那样有趣的故事。
3.A
4.C。当先行词被same修饰时，定语从句由that或as引导，但意思不同。用that引导定语从句指同一物，而用as引导定语从句指同类事物。
5.A。做此题的关键是要知道Ithink在定语从句中作插入语，做题时将其去掉便可容易得到答案。
6.B。As在此引导非限制性定语从句，代表它所修饰的整个句子内容，并且它可放在所修饰句子的前、中或后面。其常见结构如：asyouknow,asissaidabove,asisoftenthecase（情况经常是这样）等。如选A，则需将逗号改为that；如选D，则需将逗号改为isthat。
7.A。当先行词为thefirsttime,thelasttime等时，定语从句的引导词用that而不用when。
8.A。当先行词为way时，定语从句的引导词用that或inwhich,也可省略。
定语从句
1．Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that
2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt?
A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat
3.pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.whichof
4.Theman____hasarrived.
A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyou
C.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout
5.Doyouknowthecomrade____wearetalking?
A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat
6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.
A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere
7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose
8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where
9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,___hewillbebackfromShanghai.
A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which
10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.
A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich
11.Chinahasmanyislands,____thelargestistaiwan.
A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich
12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.which
13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth.
A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose
14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded?
A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom
15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what
16.Itoldyou____Iknow.
A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom
17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun.
A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem
18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear?
A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone
19.Whoistheman____wasthere?
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom
20.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir?
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who
21.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.
A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich
22.Theknife____weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.
A.withwhichB.withitC.withthatD.which
23.Thegames____theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.
A.inwhichB.whichC.itD.who
24.Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
25.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_____lovedclimbing.
A.whoB.whomC.heD.which
历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选
26.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.
A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose
27.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.itB.whichC.thisD.that
28.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
29.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
30.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
31．CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.
A.itB.thatC.whenD.which
32．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.
A．whoB．whichC．thisD．what
33.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceC.thepriceofwhich
C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
34._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.
A.Asb.ItC.ThatD.Which
35.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.
A.thisb.whichC.thatD.same
36.Onthewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.
A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its
37.WheneverImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when
38.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there
39.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.
A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose
40.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
41.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.
A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhy
C.There’swhyD.It’show
42.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisb.whichIthinkitis
C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis
定语从句答案:
1-5DCADA6-10BCBCD11-15DBDBC16-20ABDCA21-25DABBA
KEYS:26-30DBDBB31-35DBCAB36-40ABBCA41-42BA
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