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2011版职称英语考试历年真题及全真模拟试卷的序言
外语能力是衡量专业技术人员素质和专业水平的一个重要方面，特别是在经济全球化和我国对外开放不断发展的新形势下，测试专业技术人员对外文文献的阅读理解能力势在必行。
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。考试按职称的系列、级别分为A、B、C三个等级，按照专业不同分为综合、理工和卫生三个类别。总体来说，职称英语考试主要考查考生理解书面英语的能力，“要求应试者能综合运用英语语言知识(词汇、语法)和阅读技巧来理解本专业或一般的英语书面材料”。
为帮助广大考生了解考试内容及题型设计，并顺利通过考试，天合教育职称外语考试研究中心深入研究了历年职称英语考试大纲和真题，组织大连外国语学院等名校的专家、学者，立足考试，开拓创新，编写了这套《职称英语考试历年真题及全真模拟试卷》(综合类、理工类、卫生类)。该套试题为《2011年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试系列用书》(综合类、理工类、卫生类)中的一部分。各类别的试卷由2008、2009、2010年的C级、B级和A级九套真题以及C级、8级和A级六套全真模拟题组成。
本套图书有以下特点：
真题再现，丰富、完整，全面展现题型特点及高频考点：该套试题收纳了近三年的考试真题，为考生全面展现出近年来的命题规律及高频考点、热点，使考生真正做到有的放矢，从容备考。
答案解析详尽透彻，总结考点、分析重点、化解难点：九套真题均配有详细的试题解析，各题型不仅配有试题题目的翻译，而且增加了对各选项之间的区分讲解，重点词汇辅以典型例句和译文。历年真题的透析，让考生真正把握试题规律，领悟解题技巧，掌握学习方法。
模拟试题精炼适用，收纳考试热点、预测命题趋势：精选的六套模拟题预测了2011年考试的方向，涵盖了近年考试的热点考点，犹如真题再现，保证了考生学习的针对性和高效性，使考生在较短的时间内取得最大的学习收获。
职称英语考试真题及答案综合类A级阅读理解
2015年职称英语考试真题及答案综合类A级阅读理解
2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了让大家了解职称英语考试难易程度，下面网我为大家提供了职称英语历年考试真题及答案详解，以下是2015年职称英语考试真题及答案综合类A级阅读理解。
第4部分：阅读理解(第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇What’skillingtheBats
Firstitwasbees.Nowitisbats.BiologistsinAmericaareworkinghardtodiscoverthecauseofthemysteriousdeathsoftensofthousandsofbatsinthenortheasternpartofthecountry.Mostofthebatsaffectedarethecommonlittlebrownbats(Myotislucifiigus，)butotherspecies,suchasthelong-earedbat,thesmall-footedbat，theeasternpipistrelle,andtheIndianabathavealsobeenaffected.Insomecaves,morethan90percentofthebatpopulationshavedied.
Onepossibilityisdisease.Awhitefungus(真菌)knownasfusariumhasbeenfoundonthenosesofbothlivinganddeadbats.However,scientistsdon’tknowifthefungusistheprimarycauseofdeath,asecondarycauseofdeath，ornotacauseatall,buttheresultofsomeotherconditions.
Anotherpossiblecauseisalackoffood.Forexample,batstypicallyeatalargenumberofmoths(蛾)，andinsomestatessuchasNewYork,thenumberofmothshasbeendeclininginrecentyears.Ifbatscan’teatenoughfood,theystarvetodeath.
Stillotherscientistsbelievethatglobalwanningistoblame.Warmertemperaturesinrecentyearshavebeenwalkinguphibernating(冬目民)batsearlierthanusual.Ifbatsbreaktheirhibernationatthewrongtime,theymightnotfindtheirexpectedfoodsources.Theweathermightalsoturncoldagainandweakenorkillthebats.
Scientistsmightnotagreeonthecausesofthebatdie-off，buttheydoagreeontheconsequences.Batsareanimportantpredatorofmosquitoes;asinglebrownbatcaneat1,000ormoreinsectsinanhour.Theyalsoeatbeetlesandotherinsectsthatdamageplantcrops.Iftherearen’tenoughbats,damagewillbegreatfromtheinsectstheyeatwhilebatslivealongtimefortheirsize---thelittlebrownbatcanliveformorethan30years---afemalebathasonlyonebabyperyear,sobatpopulationsgrowslowly.ManybatspeciesintheUnitedStatesarealreadyprotectedorendangered.
Howcanyouhelp?Donotdisturbsleepingornestingbats.Ifyoudiscoverbatsthatseemtobesickorthataredead,contactyourlockFish&WildlifeDepartmentwiththedetails.However,becarefulnottotouchtheanimals.
29.whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.AllspeciesofbatsinNorthAmericaaredying.
B.Scientistsalreadyknowthecauseofthedeathsofbats
C.Thebatdeathsareaseriousproblem
D.Therearemanypossiblecausesofthedeathsofbats.
30.WhatdoesthefirstsentenceinParagraph1mean?
A.Beeshavebeendyingmysteriously
B.Thefirstarticleonthewebsiteisaboutbees.
C.Beesusuallydiebeforebats
D.Itwasbeesthatcausedthedeathsofbats.
31.Theword“pipistrelle”inParagraphIrefersto
A.akindofftmgus
B.anareaintheU.S.
C.aspecialcave
D.akindofbat
32.The“moths”inParagraph3aretakenasanexampleof
A.diseasethatkillbats
B.insectsthatbatseat
C.animalsthathavediseases
D.batspeciesthatarestarvingtodeath
33.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?
A.togetpeopletostopkillingbats
B.tohireworkersfortheFish&WildlifeDepartment
C.toaskpeoplenottotouchdeadbats
D.totellthepublichowtohelpbats.
第二篇IsThereaWaytoKeepBritain’sEconomyGrowing?
Intoday’sknowledgeeconomy，nationssurviveonthethingstheydobest.JapanesedesignelectronicswhileGermensexportengineeringtechniques.TheFrenchservethebestfoodandAmericansmakecomputers.
Britainspecializesinthegiftoftalking.Thenationdoesn'tmanufacturemuchofanything.Butithaslawyers,stylistsandbusinessconsultantswhoearntheirlivingfromtalk,talkandmoretalk.TheWorldFoundationthinktank1saystheUKfsfouriconicjobstodayarenotscientists,engineers,teachersandnurses.Instead,they'rehairdressers,celebrities,managementconsultantsandmanagers.ButcanallthistalkingkeeptheBritisheconomygoing?TheBritishgovernmentthinksitcan.
Althoughthecountry’stradedeficitwasmorethan£60billionin2006，UK'slargestinthepostwarperiod,officialssaythecountryhasnothingtoworryabout.Infact,Britaindoeshaveaworld-classpharmaceuticalindustry,anditstillmakesasmallsumfromsellingarmsabroad.Italsotradesservices—accountancy,insurance,bankingandadvertising.ThegovernmentbelievesBritainisonthecuttingedge2oftheknowledgeeconomy.Afterall,thecountryofShakespeareandWordsworthhasaliterarytraditionofwhichtobeproud.Rock“n”roll3isanEnglishlanguagemedium,andtherearebillionstobemadebytheircutting-edgebands.Inotherwords,thecreativeeconomyhasplentyofstrengthtocarrytheBritisheconomy.
However,creativeindustriesaccountforonlyabout4percentofUICsexportsofgoodsandservices.Theindustriesarefindingithardtomakeaprofit，accordingtoareportoftheNationalEndowmentforScience,TechnologyandtheArts.Thereportshowsonly38percentofBritishcompanieswereengagedin"innovationactivities'3percentagepointsbelowtheEUaverageandwellbelowGermany(61percent)andSweden(47percent).
Infact，itmightbebettertocallBritainanservantMeconomy—thereareatleast4millionpeople"inservice".Themajorityofthepopulationareemployedbytherichtocook,clean,andtakecareoftheirchildren.Manygraduatesareevendoingmenialjobsforwhichtheydonotneedadegree.Mostemploymentgrowthhasbeen,andwillcontinuetobe,atthelow-skillendoftheservicesector一inshops,bars，hotels，domesticserviceandinnursingandcarehomes.
34.AccordingtotheWorldFoundationthinktank,oneoftheiconicjobsinBritaintodayis
A.lawmakers
B.homeservants
C.schoolteachers
D.businessconsultants.
35.Thephrase“thecuttingedge”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto
A.themostpopular
B.themos丈advanced
C.themostpolitical
D.theproudest
36.Theofficialsarenotworriedaboutthetradedeficitin2006，becausetheybelieve
A.Britainisonthecuttingedgeoftheknowledgeeconomy.
B.Britainishometothelargestpharmaceuticalindustryintheworld.
C.theliterarytraditionofBritainwillhelpmakebillionsofpounds.
D.theworldeconomyisstrongenoughtocarrytheBritisheconomy.
37.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecreativeindustriesinBritain?
A.TheyarenotdoingaswellasthoseinotherEuropeannations.
B.Theycontributealottothecountry’stradedeficit.
C.Theycan’tmakeaprofitoutoftheirinnovativeactivities.
D.TheymakeBritainonthecuttingedgeoftheknowledgeeconomy.
38.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
A.thegiftoftalkingcankeeptheBritisheconomygrowing.
B.theBritisheconomyistheleastinnovativeoneintheEU.
C.theBritishgovernmentisover-confidentinitseconomy.
D.beingaservanttotherichisoneofthebestjobsinBritain.
第三篇TheSandwichGeneration
Todaypeopleoftenlookforwardtotheirmiddleageasatimewhentheywillbeabletotakethingseasier.Aftertheirchildrenaregrown，theyexpecttoenjoythelifetheyhaveworkedhardtocreate.Howevertherealityisoftenverydifferent.Inmiddleage，manypeoplediscoverthattheyhavetwoongoingresponsibilities1:oneistolookaftertheiragingparents,andtheotheristohelptheiryoungadultchildrendealwiththepressuresoflife.Aroundtheworld,therearemillionsofpeoplewhoare“sandwiched”inbetweentheolderandtheyoungergenerations.Sometimestheremaybetwoorthreegenerationslivinginthesamehousehold—asituationthatiscommoninmanyAsiancountriesandinsomepartsofEurope.Inothercases,acouplemaybetakingcareofparentsandchildren,buttheydonotlivewiththem.
Therearetwoimportantreasonsfortheriseofthesandwichgeneration.First,peoplearelivinglongerthantheyusedto.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theaveragelifeexpectancyforadultsintheUnitedStates，forexample,wasabout40，whereastodaypeoplelivetoanaverageageof75.Therefore,childrenaretakingcareoftheirparentsoveralongerperiodoftime.Thesecondreasonisthatthesedays,youngadultsoftenlivewiththeirparentsforalongertimethantheydidinthepast.Thisisoftenforfinancialreasons.It’salsomorecommonfortoday’syoungadultstoreturnhomeduringoraftercollegeiftheyneedfinancialoremotionalsupport.
Youngadultsfeelsandwichedbetweentheirfinancialresponsibilitiesandtheirdesiretoenjoylife.Theymayhavetocoverexpensesthattheirparentscannot.Theymayhavetomanagetheirparents’financialandlegalaffairs.Theymayhavetopreparefortheirparents’futureneeds,suchasspecialmedicalcareoramovetoanursinghome.Thiscanbeatraumaticexperienceforeveryone.
Caringforadultchildrenpresentschallengesaswell,andcaregivershavetoresolveimportantquestions;Howcanfinancialresponsibilitiesbesharedamongmembersofthehousehold?Howcanhouseholdchoresbeshared?Whatisthebestwaytoensureeveryone’sprivacy?Successfullycopingwiththeseissuescanavoidalotofstressforthewholefamily.
Thefinancialandemotionalpressuresonthesandwichgenerationcanbeoverwhelming.However,thistimeinlifealsohasitsrewards.Itcanbeatimetorediscoverthespecialqualitiesofone’sparentsorchildren.Itcanalsoprovideavaluableopportunitytospendmoretimewiththem.However，inordertosurvivethisdifficultperiodintheirlives，themembersofthesandwichgenerationmustrememberthattheyalsoneedtopayattentiontotheirownneedsandlookafterthequalityoftheirownlives.Theycan’tbetotallyselfless.
39.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,manypeopleinmiddleage
A.areabletotakethingseasierwhentheirchildrenaregrown.
B.can’tenjoytheirlifeastheyhaveexpected
C.can’tenjoytheirlifebecausetheyhaven’tworkedhardenough.
D.arefacinggreatpressurefromtheirwork.
40.Whichistrueaboutthesandwichgeneration?
A.Theirparentsareunabletotakecareofthemselves.
B.Theirparentsareoftenfacingthepressuresoflife.
C.Theyaretombetweentheresponsibilitiesfortheirparentsandchildren.
D.Theyallhavetolivewiththeirparentsandchildren.
41.Whydosomeyoungadultschoosetolivewiththeirparentsthesedays?
A.Theyaretooyoungtobeindependentfromtheirparents.
B.Theywanttohelptheirparentstotakecareoftheiraginggrandparents.
C.Theyneedsupportfromtheirparentstodealwiththeirfinancialproblems.
D.Theyaremoreemotionalthantheyoungadultsinthepast.
42.ThesandwichgenerationfacethefollowingchallengesEXCEPT
A.sharinghouseholdchores
B.ensuringeveryone，sprivacy
C.shoulderingthefinancialresponsibilitiesofthehousehold
D.determiningwhoisthecaregiverofthefamily
43.Tosurvivethedifficultperiodintheirlives，thesandwichgenerationneedto
A.betotallyselfless
B.considertheirownwellbeing
C.rediscoverthemeritsoftheirchildren
D.valuethetimespentwiththeirparents.
;职称英语卫生类a级全真模拟试卷及答案(7)
C:lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution
D:stillconsiderleadpollutionaproblem
答案:D
解析:
推理题。题干：通过最后一段能推测出什么?
最后一段提到了两项研究说明某些生态系统对大气污染的减少给出了快速的回应，
但是这并不能作为进一步污染行为的许可证。因此D正确，
科学家们仍然认为铅污染是个问题。
(41)根据下面材料，回答题。
Itispredictedthattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury.We'llknowwherewecamefrom.Whydoestheuniverseexist?Toputitanotherway,whyistheresomethinginsteadofnothing?Sincethe1920s,scientistshaveknowntheuniverseisexpanding,whichmeansitmusthavestartedatadefinitetimeinthepast.Theyevenhavedevelopedtheoriesthatgiveadetailedpictureoftheevolutionoftheuniversefromthetimeitwasafractionofasecondoldtothepresent.Overthenextcoupleofdecades,thesetheorieswillberefinedbydatafromextraordinarypowerfulnewtelescope.Wewillhaveabetterunderstandingofhowmatterbehavesattheunfathomablyhightemperaturesandpressuresoftheearlyuniverse.
We'llcrackthegeneticcodeandconquercancer.In19thcenturyoperas,whentheheroinecoughsinthefirstact,theaudienceknowsshewilldieoftuberculosisinAct3.Butthanksto20thcenturyantibiotics,theoncedreaded,onceincurablediseasenowcanmeannothingmoreseriousthantakingsomepills.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutthegeneticcodeandthewaycellsworkatthemolecularlevel,manyseriousdiseases--cancer,forone-willbecomelessthreatening.Usingmanufactured"therapeutic"viruses,doctorswillbeabletoreplacecancercausingdamagedDNA
withhealthygenes,probablyadministeredbyapillorinjection.
We'lllivelonger(120years?)Ifthenormalagingprocessisbasicallyafurious,invisiblecontestinourcells-acontestbetweendamagetoourDNAandourcellsabilitytorepairthatdamage-then21stcenturystridesingeneticmedicinemayletuscontrolandevenreversetheprocess.Butbeforewepushscientiststodomore,consider:Dowereallywanttoliveinaworldwherenoonegrowsoldandfewchildrenarebornbecausetheplanetcanholdonlysomanypeople?
Wherewouldnewideascomefrom?Whatwouldwedowithallthatextratime?
We'll"manage"Earth.Inthenextmillennium,wellstoptalkingabouttheweatherbutwilldosomethingaboutit.WellgraduallylearnhowtopredicttheeffectsofhumanactivityontheEarth,itsclimateanditsecosystems.Andwiththatknowledgewillcomeanincreasingwillingnesstouseittomanagetheworkingsofourplanet.
We'llhave"abrainroadmap".Thisisthereal"finalfrontier"ofthe21stcentury:Thebrainisthemostcomplexsystemweknow.Itcontainsabout100billionneurons(roughlythenumberofstarsintheMilkyWay),eachconnectedtoasmanyas1,000others.Earlyinthenextcentury,wewilluseadvancedformsofmagneticresonanceimagingtoproducedetailedmapsoftheneuronsinoperation.We'llbeabletosaywithcertaintywhichonesareworkingwhenyoureadaword,whenyousayaword,whenyouthinkaboutaword,andsoon.
Thesentence"In19thcenturyoperas,whentheheroinecoughsinthefirstact,theaudienceknowsshewilldieoftuberculosisinAct3"means__________.
A:therewasnotantibioticsatthattimeB:tuberculosiswasaterriblediseasethatcouldn'tbecuredduring19thcenturyC:thehealthoftheheroinewasverypoorD:thiswasacommonsituationinthe19thcenturyoperas
答案:B
解析:
细节题。题干：句子“在19世纪的戏剧中，如果女主角在第一幕开始咳嗽，
观众们就会知道在第三幕时会因为肺结核而死去”的意思是__________。
第二段说如果女主角在第一幕中咳嗽的话，观众便会知道她将在第三幕中因肺结核而死
。接着说这种病0ncedreaded和onceincurable
disease，即“那样可怕的不治之症”。可知B正确。
(42)Itwillbecomeeasytocuresomeseriousdiseasesbecause__________.
A:scientistswillcrackthegeneticcode
B:"therapeutic"viruseswillbeused
C:healthygeneswillbeusedtoreplacecancercausingdamagedDNA
D:alloftheabove
答案:D
解析:
推理题。题干：治疗一些严重的疾病会变得很容易，因为__________。A、B、C
在第三段都提到这一点，因此选D。
(43)Accordingtothepassage,thenormalagingprocessis__________.
A:aprocessinwhichpeoplebecomeolderandolder
B:acontestthatcanbeseen
C:alongprocessofstruggling
D:afightbetweendamagingDNAandpreparingthedamage
答案:D
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